MULTICULTURALISM AND INTERCULTURALISM: BETWEEN THE COEXISTENCE AND INTERACTION OF CULTURES

Abstract

This paper analyzes multiculturalism as the dominant theoretical and practical model for managing cultural differences in contemporary societies, and interculturalism as its critique and possible alternative. Starting from the fact that contemporary societies are characterized by pronounced cultural diversity, the paper outlines the basic premises of multiculturalism, with particular emphasis on issues of identity, minority rights, and the relationship between individual and collective rights. It further examines the main criticisms of multiculturalism, especially those related to its tendency toward passive coexistence of cultures, the lack of genuine interaction, and its limited capacity to overcome social inequalities and conflicts. It is noted that multiculturalism, although significant as a normative framework for the recognition of diversity, has a limited scope in practice, and the focus is placed on the concept of interculturalism.  The basis of interculturalism is dialogue, exchange, and the permeation of cultures, which strengthen social cohesion and foster mutual understanding between different cultural groups. It is concluded that interculturalism is a more dynamic, functional, and suitable model for contemporary societies, especially in the context of globalization and intense identity transformations.